Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera

Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Chitsulo Chopangidwa Chithunzi Chowonetsedwa
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera
  • Mtengo wa Fakitale JIS SY295 SY390 U Mtundu Wotentha Wozungulira Zitsulo Zopopera

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

Gulu la Zitsulo Zachifumuzinthu zofunikaMapepala a Zitsulo a JIS A5528 SY295 ndi SY390 Otentha Ozungulira U Type Steel Sheetza mapulojekiti oyambira padziko lonse lapansi, zapamadzi, ndi zomangamanga. Imapezeka m'ma profiles otchuka komanso kutalika kosinthidwa, yathuMapepala amtundu wa Uimapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito odalirika olumikizana, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kulimba kwa makoma osungira, ma cofferdams, maenje oyambira, makoma a m'nyanja, madoko, ndi mapulojekiti a mitsinje. Kukula kosinthidwa, ntchito zodulira, MTC, ndi kuyang'anira kwa anthu ena kulipo.


  • Kalasi yachitsulo:Sy295 Sy390
  • Muyezo wopanga:JIS
  • Zikalata:ISO9001, BV
  • Nthawi Yolipira:30%TT+70%
  • MOQ:Matani 10
  • Nthawi yoperekera:Masiku 7-15
  • Satifiketi:ISO 9001, MTC, SGS
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    Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

    Ma tag a Zamalonda

    Chidule cha Zamalonda

    Royal Steel Group imaperekaJIS A5528 SY295 SY390 hot rolled U type steel sheet mulu ndi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamaziko,khoma losungira, cofferdam,madoko, makoma a m'nyanja, mapulojekiti a mitsinjendintchito zina za zomangamanga za bomaJIS A5528 ndi muyezo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milu ya chitsulo chopindidwa chotentha chophimbira, chokometsera, ndi maziko omangira.

    Mapepala amtundu wa Uali ndi mphamvu zambiri zomangira komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso kulimba.Mapepala okhala ngati Uali ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, amalumikizana bwino komanso amakhala olimba, ndipo ndi osavuta kuyika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati makoma osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika.

    https://www.chinaroyalssteel.com/contact-us/
    https://www.chinaroyalssteel.com/contact-us/
    https://www.chinaroyalssteel.com/contact-us/

    Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

    Chinthu Kufotokozera
    Dzina la Chinthu Mulu wa Mapepala Achitsulo a Mtundu wa U
    Muyezo JIS A5528
    Kalasi yachitsulo SY295 / SY390
    Njira Yopangira Yotenthedwa Kwambiri
    Mawonekedwe Mtundu wa U / Mtundu wa Larssen
    M'lifupi 400 mm / 600 mm / 750 mm
    Kutalika Pafupifupi 100–225 mm, kutengera mbiri
    Kukhuthala Pafupifupi 9.4–23.5 mm, kutengera mbiri
    Utali 6 m, 9 m, 12 m, 15 m, 18 m, yosinthidwa mwamakonda
    Kutseka Kulumikizana kwa Larssen kotentha
    Pamwamba Kumaliza kwa Mill / Kuphimba Kosinthidwa
    Kuyendera MTC, kuyang'anira miyeso, kuyang'anira kwa chipani chachitatu
    Kukonza Kudula, kubowola, kuwotcherera ndi kukonza zinthu mwamakonda
    Yang'anani Zaposachedwa Zamalonda & Mtengo
    Bokosi Lowunikira Mabatani

    Chida chachitsulo cha mulu wa mankhwala

    Kalasi yachitsulo C (%) Si (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%)
    SY295 ≤0.20 ≤0.35 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
    SY390 ≤0.20 ≤0.35 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.030

    Kapangidwe ka mankhwala enieni kangasiyane malinga ndi zomwe fakitale yavomereza kupanga komanso zofunikira za JIS. Miyezo yomaliza iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndiSatifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill (MTC).

    Katundu wa Makina a Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo

    Kalasi yachitsulo Mphamvu Yotulutsa (MPa) Mphamvu Yokoka (MPa) Kutalika (%)
    SY295 ≥295 ≥450 ≥18
    SY390 ≥390 ≥490 ≥17

    Miyeso ndi zofunikira za JIS A5528 hot rolled steel sheet sheet. Kapangidwe ka makina komaliza kayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi muyezo woyenera wa JIS ndiSatifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill (MTC).

    Kukula kwa Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo

    Mitundu Yopangira Mapepala Otentha a Mtundu wa Asia
    Mulu wa mapepala a ku Ulaya a Larssen
    Mitundu Yopangira Mapepala Otentha a Mtundu wa Asia
    gawo Miyeso Malo Ogawika Misa Mphindi
    ya kusakhala ndi mphamvu    		 Modulus
    ya gawo
    M'lifupi Kutalika Kukhuthala Mulu Khoma
    w h t
    mm Mm mm cm2/mulu makilogalamu/m makilogalamu/m2 cm4/m cm3/m
    ⅠA 400 85 8 45.21 35.5 88.8 4500 529
    Ⅱ 400 100 10.5 61.2 48 120 8740 874
    Ⅲ 400 125 13 76.4 60 150 16800 1340
    ⅢA 400 150 13.1 74.4 58.4 146 22800 1520
    Ⅳ 400 170 15.5 97 76.1 190 38600 2270
    ⅤL 500 200 24.3 133.8 105 210 63000 3150
    ⅥL 500 225 27.6 153 120 240 86000 3820
    ⅡW 600 130 10.3 78.7 61.8 103 13000 1000
    ⅢW 600 180 13.4 104 81.6 136 32400 1800
    ⅣW 600 210 18 135.3 106 177 56700 2700

     

    Mulu wa mapepala a ku Ulaya a Larssen
    Gawo Miyeso Misa Nthawi ya kutopa Modulus ya gawo
    M'lifupi Kutalika Kukhuthala Pa mulu uliwonse Khoma
    w h t s
    mm mm mm mm makilogalamu/m makilogalamu/m2 cm4/m cm3/m
    750mm m'lifupi
    GHU 14 750 408 10.0 8.3 77.9 104 28 690 1 415
    GHU 16 750 411 11.5 9.3 86.3 115 32 860 1 610
    GHU 18 750 441 10.5 9.1 88.5 118 39 310 1 790
    GHU 20 750 444 12.0 10.0 96.9 129 44 450 2 010
    GHU 23 750 447 13.0 9.5 102.1 136 50 710 2 280
    GHU 25 750 450 14.5 10.2 110.4 147 56 250 2 510
    600mm m'lifupi
    GHU 12 600 360 9.8 9.0 66.1 110 21 610 1 210
    GHU 12S 600 360 10.0 10.0 71.0 118 22 670 1 270
    GHU 18-1 600 430 10.2 8.4 72.6 121 35 960 1 680
    GHU 18 600 430 11.2 9.0 76.9 128 38 660 1 810
    GHU 18+1 600 430 12.2 9.5 81.1 135 41 330 1 930
    GHU 22-1 600 450 11.1 9.0 81.9 137 46 390 2 070
    GHU 22 600 450 12.1 9.5 86.1 144 49 470 2 210
    GHU 22+1 600 450 13.1 10.0 90.4 151 52 520 2 345
    GHU 28-1 600 452 14.2 9.7 97.4 162 60 590 2 690
    GHU 28 600 454 15.2 10.1 101.8 170 64 470 2 850
    GHU 28+1 600 456 16.2 10.5 106.2 177 68 390 3 010
    GHU 32-1 600 452 18.5 10.6 109.9 183 69 220 3 075
    GHU 32 600 452 19.5 11.0 114.1 190 72 330 3 210
    GHU 32+1 600 452 20.5 11.4 118.4 197 75 410 3 350
    600mm ndi 400mm m'lifupi
    GHU 6N 600 309 6.0 6.0 41.9 70 9 680 635
    GHU 7N 600 310 6.5 6.4 44.1 74 10 460 685
    GHU 7S 600 311 7.2 6.9 46.3 77 11 550 750
    GHU 7HWS 600 312 7.3 6.9 47.4 79 11 630 755
    GHU 8N 600 312 7.5 7.1 48.5 81 12 020 780
    GHU 8S 600 313 8.0 7.5 50.8 85 12 810 830
    GHU 10N 600 316 9.0 6.8 55.8 93 15 710 1000
    GHU 11N 600 318 10.0 7.4 60.2 100 17 460 1 105
    GHU 12N 600 320 11.0 8.0 64.6 108 19 230 1 230
    GHU 13N 600 418 9.0 7.4 59.9 100 26 600 1 280
    GHU 14N 600 420 10.0 8.0 64.3 107 29 420 1 410
    GHU 15N 600 422 11.0 8.6 68.7 115 32 270 1 540
    GHU 16N 600 430 10.2 8.4 72.6 121 35 960 1 680
    GHU 18N 600 430 11.2 9.0 76.9 128 38 660 1 810
    GHU 20N 600 430 12.2 9.5 81.1 135 41 310 1 930
    GHU 21N 600 450 11.1 9.0 81.9 137 46 390 2 070
    GHU 22N 600 450 12.1 9.5 86.1 144 49 470 2 210
    GHU 23N 600 450 13.1 10.0 90.4 151 52 520 2 345
    GHU 27N 600 452 14.2 9.7 97.4 162 60 590 2 690
    GHU 28N 600 454 15.2 10.1 101.8 170 64 470 2 850
    GHU 30N 600 456 16.2 10.5 106.2 177 68 390 3 010
    GHU 31N 600 452 18.5 10.6 109.9 183 69 220 3 075
    GHU 32N 600 452 19.5 11.0 114.1 190 72 330 3 210
    GHU 33N 600 452 20.5 11.4 118.4 197 75 420 3 350
    GHU 16-400 400 290 12.7 9.4 62.0 155 22 600 1 570
    GHU 18-400 400 292 15.0 9.7 69.3 173 26 100 1 795

     

    Gawo Miyeso Misa Nthawi ya kutopa Modulus ya gawo
    M'lifupi Kutalika Kukhuthala Pa mulu uliwonse Khoma
    w h t s
    mm mm mm mm makilogalamu/m makilogalamu/m2 cm4/m cm3/m
    GHL 600 600 150 9.5 9.5 56.4 94 3825 510
    GHL 600K 600 150 10 10 59.4 99 4050 540
    GHL 601 600 310 7.5 6,4 46.8 78 11520 745
    GHL 602 600 310 8.2 8 53.4 89 12870 830
    GHL 603 600 310 9.7 8.2 64.8 108 18600 1200
    GHL 603K 600 310 10 9 68.1 113.5 19220 1240
    GHL 603 10/10 600 310 10 10 69.6 116 19530 1260
    GHL 604 600 380 10 9 73.8 123 30400 1600
    GHL 605 600 420 13 9.2 85.5 142.5 43890 2090
    GHL 606 600 435 14.4 9.2 94.2 157 54375 2500
    GHL 607 600 452 19 10.6 114 190 72320 3200
    GHL 703 700 400 9.5 8 67.5 96.4 24200 1210
    GHL 716 700 440 10.2 9.5 79.9 114.2 35200 1600
    GHL 720 750 450 12 10 96.4 128.5 45000 2000

     

    Tsitsani Katalogi Yonse

    Mukudziwa zambiri za specifications ndi miyeso ya milu ya mapepala achitsulo?

    DINANI APA

    Kutseka kwa Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo ndi magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi

    pepala-lachitsulo-lagalasi-mulu-1

    Kapangidwe: Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo Olumikizana, kulola mpweya kulowa ≤1×10⁻⁷ cm/s

    Americas: Zimagwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTM D5887 wa Liner kuti zichepetse kutuluka kwa madzi pansi pa ng'oma.

    Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa AsiaMadzi a pansi pa nthaka salowa m'madzi nthawi yamvula yamvula

    Njira Yopangira Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo

    Mulu wa chitsulo cha Royal Steel Group JIS A5528 SY295/SY390 chopangidwa ndi hot rolled U type ndi chopangidwa ndi hot rolled chomwe chili mumlengalenga ndipo chimagwira ntchito bwino ngati chili ndi mphamvu, kukula komanso choletsa dzimbiri.

    1. Kukonzekera Zinthu Zopangira

    Kusankha ndi kuyang'ana chivundikiro chachitsulo chabwino kapena slab kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mtundu wa chitsulo.

    2. Kutentha

    Potentha, chipolopolo chachitsulo chimatenthedwa kufika kutentha koyenera kuti chisinthe mofanana panthawi yotentha.

    3. Kugubuduza ndi Kupanga Moto

    Chitsulo chotenthetsera chimadutsa malo angapo ozungulira kuti apange mbaleyo kukhala mawonekedwe a mulu wa pepala la U, lomwe lili ndi ukonde wake, ma flange, ndi magawo olumikizirana.

    4. Kupanga kwa Interlock

    Kugubuduza kolondola kwambiri kumapanga maloko olumikizana kotero kuti milu ya mapepala imatha kumangidwa pamodzi kuti ipange khoma losalekeza la chosungira.

    5. Kuziziritsa & Kuwongolera

    Mapepala okulungidwa amawongoledwa ndipo mafuta amazizira akagubuduzika molingana ndi kukula ndi kulunjika komwe kwatchulidwa.

    6. Kudula mpaka Utali

    Milu ya mapepala imadulidwa kutalika koyenera kapena kwapadera malinga ndi momwe makasitomala amafunsira ndi zomwe makasitomala akufuna.

    7. Kuyang'anira Ubwino

    Zinthu zomalizidwa zimayesedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a makina pamwamba ndipo zimayesedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina amayesedwa.

    8. Kulemba ndi Kuyika Mapaketi

    Mtolowu uli ndi zilembo zokhudzana ndi chinthucho monga mtundu, kukula, kutalika ndi nambala ya batch chitsime chisanapakedwe ndi kutumizidwa.

    Mulu wa pepala lachitsulo Njira yopangira

    Pamwamba pa Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo

    u_ (1)
    112

    AmericasChophimba cha :HDG chikugwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTM A123, chokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera a zinc a ≥85 ¥m. Chophimba cha 3PE chikupezeka ngati njira yodzitetezera yosankha. Zomaliza zonse pamwamba pake zimagwirizana ndi RoHS, kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yotumizira kunja.

    Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia: Kuthira ma galvanizing otentha (≥100 μm) pamodzi ndi utoto wa epoxy coal tar wa magawo awiri kumapereka kukana kwa kupopera mchere kwa maola opitilira 5,000, koyenera malo otentha a m'nyanja.

     

    Kuwongolera Ubwino wa Mulu wa Mapepala a Chitsulo

    Gulu la Zitsulo Zachifumuimalimbitsa kuwongolera kwabwino kuyambira pazinthu zopangira mpaka kupanga komaliza kwaJIS A5528 SY295/SY390 Hot Rolled U Type Steel Sheet Mulu, kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso kusasinthasintha kwa zinthu.

    Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira- Yang'anani kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mtundu wa chitsulo, kutentha ndi mtundu wa zinthu musanapange.

    Kusanthula kwa Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala- Unikani zinthu zazikulu mongaC, Si, Mn, PndiSkuti muwone zomwe zikufunika.

    Mayeso a Makina- Chitanimphamvu yobereka,kulimba kwamakokedwendimayeso a kutalikaza magirediSY295ndiSY390.

    Mayeso a Miyeso- Tengani m'lifupi, kutalika, makulidwe, kutalika, ndi kukula kwa magawo osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku malamulo ovomerezeka.

    Mayeso Owongoka- Yang'anirani kulunjika konse ndi kusinthika kuti ntchito iyende bwino.

    Kuyesa kwa Interlock- Yesani mawonekedwe a interlock, momwe imagwirizanirana, komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito kuti mupange khoma lopanda chiopsezo.

    Mayeso a Pamwamba- Yesani ngati pali ming'alu, zolakwika zambiri zozungulira, mapindikidwe ndi zolakwika zina zooneka pamwamba.

    Kutsimikizira Kulemera ndi Kuchuluka- Werengani kulemera kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwa mapaketi ndi malangizo otumizira musanatumize.

    MTC Ikupezeka-Zikalata Zoyesera za Mill (MTC)idzatsimikizira makhalidwe a mankhwala ndi makina.

    Kuyang'anira Gulu Lachitatu- Ntchito zina zowunikira za SGS, BV kapena zina zilizonse zitha kukonzedwa malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala/pulojekiti ikufuna.

    NTCHITO

    1. Maenje a Maziko:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira khoma kwambiri pakukumba mozama komanso ngati makoma osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika.

    2. Cofferdams:Ndi malo abwino kwambiri opangira malo ogwirira ntchito m'mitsinje, m'madoko komanso pamapulojekiti omanga m'nyanja.

    3. Madoko ndi Madoko:Yoyenera makoma a doko, malo osungiramo zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, maziko a m'nyanja ndi chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

    4. Kulamulira Mitsinje ndi Kusefukira kwa Madzi:Kugwiritsa ntchito poteteza makoma a kusefukira kwa madzi, monga kukhazikika kwa mtsinje, komanso posunga madzi.

    5. Makoma a m'nyanja ndi Uinjiniya wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja: Mapepala a SY390 U-typeimatha kupereka chithandizo chokwanira kwambiri pamavuto ogwirira ntchito m'madzi.

    6. Kapangidwe ka Pansi pa Dziko:Kugwiritsa ntchito polowera m'misewu, pakukumba pansi pa nthaka kapena pazinthu zina zosungira nthaka.

    Mulu wa chitsulo chopindidwa chotentha chooneka ngati U (5)

    Chifukwa Chake Sankhani Gulu la Zitsulo la Royal pa Zitsulo Zopangira Mapepala

    1. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino wa Zogulitsa- Kapangidwe ka mankhwala, makhalidwe a makina, kukula kwake, kulunjika kwake, ndi magwiridwe antchito a interlock zonse zimayendetsedwa mosamala.

    2.Makulidwe ndi Kutalika Kosiyanasiyana– Ma profiles a mtundu wa U ndi kutalika kosinthidwa kungaperekedwe.

    3. Kulumikizana Kwapamwamba Kwambiri- Maloko olumikizana bwino amapanga makoma okhazikika komanso okhazikika.

    4. Zikalata Zapamwamba Kwambiri- MTC, malipoti owunikira & malipoti owunikira a chipani chachitatu amapezeka ngati apemphedwa.

    5. Kukonza Kosinthidwa- Kutengera zojambula za polojekitiyi, kudula, kuboola, kuwotcherera, kupaka utoto ndi ntchito zina zokonzera zinthu zitha kuperekedwa.

    Makasitomala amabwera ku fakitale kudzayang'ana milu ya mapepala achitsulo
    pepala lachitsulo mulu-china royal steel2 (1)
    chitsulo chachitsulo chozungulira-china chachifumu chachitsulo1 (1)
    Pezani Mtengo Waposachedwa Pamaola 12

    Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza

    Royal Steel Group imapereka chitetezokulongedza mulu wa pepala lachitsulo ndi mayankho otumizira padziko lonse lapansikuteteza milu ya mapepala a JIS A5528 SY295/SY390 U panthawi yogwira, kunyamula, ndi kunyamula.

    Kulongedza Mtolo– Milu ya mapepala imamangidwa bwino ndi zingwe zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri kuti zinyamulidwe bwino komanso kuti zisanyamulidwe bwino.

    Njira Zodzitetezera- Zipangizo zosalowa madzi ndi zokutira zoteteza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zimayendera komanso zomwe makasitomala amafuna.

    Chotsani Zolemba- Phukusi lililonse likhoza kulembedwa ndichitsulo cha kalasi, mbiri, kutalika, kuchuluka, ndi zambiri za gulukuti zidziwike mosavuta.

    Ma CD Opangidwa Mwamakonda- Njira zopakira zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi kutumiza ziwiya, zombo zazikulu, kapena zofunikira zinazake za polojekiti.

    Kutsegula ndi Kuyang'anira- Makonzedwe aukadaulo okweza katundu amathandiza kukonza malo a chidebe kapena sitima ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zoyendera.

    Kutumiza Kosinthasintha- Ikupezeka ndichidebe, chombo chachikulu, kapena njira zina zoyenera zoyendera padziko lonse lapansi.

    Kutumiza Zolemba- Invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, MTC, satifiketi yoyambira, ndi zikalata zowunikira zitha kuperekedwa malinga ndi zofunikira pa oda.

    Kutumiza Padziko Lonse- Timathandizira kutumiza kumadoko ndi malo omanga padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mayankho azinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi ya polojekiti.

    Mulu wa chitsulo chopindidwa chotentha chooneka ngati U (7)

    FAQ

    Q1: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa SY295 ndi SY390 ndi kotani?

    A: SY390 ili ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri kuposa SY295, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri.

    Q2: Kodi mungapereke kutalika kosinthidwa?

    A: Inde. Kutalika kokhazikika monga 6 m, 9 m, 12 m, 15 m ndi 18 m kulipo, ndipo kutalika kosinthidwa kumadalira zofunikira pakupanga ndi mayendedwe.

    Q3: Kodi mungapereke malipoti a MTC ndi owunikira?

    A: Inde. Zikalata Zoyesera za Mill ndi kuwunika kwa anthu ena zitha kukonzedwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala akufuna.

    Q4: Kodi milu ya chitsulo ya mtundu wa U imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti nthawi zambiri?

    A: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza makoma, maziko a nthaka, madoko, makoma a nyanja, mapulojekiti a mitsinje, kuteteza kusefukira kwa madzi ndi uinjiniya wa za m'madzi.

    Q5: Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji mulu woyenera wa pepala?

    Yankho: Kusankha kuyenera kuganizira momwe nthaka ilili, kuya kwa malo okumba, kuthamanga kwa madzi, nthawi yopindika, gawo lofunikira la modulus, njira yopezera dzimbiri, njira yokhazikitsira, ndi momwe ntchito yake idzagwiritsidwire ntchito kwakanthawi kapena kosatha. Kusankha komaliza kwa mbiri kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mainjiniya wa zomangamanga/zachilengedwe wa polojekitiyi.

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