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Kodi ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimafunika pa nyumba yachitsulo yapamwamba kwambiri?

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Nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsuloGwiritsani ntchito chitsulo ngati chinthu chachikulu chonyamula katundu (monga matabwa, zipilala, ndi ma trusses), chowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosanyamula katundu monga konkire ndi zipangizo za pakhoma. Ubwino waukulu wa chitsulo, monga mphamvu yayitali, kupepuka, ndi kubwezeretsanso, wapangitsa kuti chikhale ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono, makamaka pa nyumba zazikulu, zazitali, komanso zamafakitale. Nyumba zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo amasewera, m'maholo owonetsera, m'nyumba zazitali, m'mafakitale, m'milatho, ndi ntchito zina.

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Mafomu Akuluakulu a Kapangidwe

Kapangidwe ka nyumba yachitsulo kayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi ntchito ya nyumbayo (monga kutalika, kutalika, ndi katundu). Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:

Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe Mfundo Yaikulu Zochitika Zogwira Ntchito Mlandu Wamba
Kapangidwe ka chimango Yopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi zipilala zolumikizidwa kudzera m'malumikizidwe olimba kapena olumikizidwa kuti apange mafelemu ozungulira, omwe amanyamula katundu woyima ndi katundu wopingasa (mphepo, chivomerezi). Nyumba zamaofesi zokhala ndi zipinda zambiri/zitali, mahotela, nyumba zogona (nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake ndi ≤ 100m). China World Trade Center Tower 3B (chimango chochepa)
Kapangidwe ka Truss Lili ndi ziwalo zowongoka (monga chitsulo cha ngodya, chitsulo chozungulira) zomwe zimapangidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Limagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika kwa ma triangles kuti lisamutse katundu, kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ikugawidwa mofanana. Nyumba zazikulu (kutalika: 20-100m): malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, maholo owonetsera, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi a fakitale. Denga la Bwalo la Masewera la Dziko Lonse (Chisa cha Mbalame)
Kapangidwe ka Chigoba cha Space Truss/Lattice Amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zingapo zomwe zimakonzedwa m'njira yokhazikika (monga, ma triangles ofanana, ma sikweya) mu gridi ya malo. Mphamvu zimagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo akuluakulu azitha kufalikira. Nyumba zazikulu kwambiri (kutalika: 50-200m): malo okwerera ndege, malo ochitira misonkhano. Denga la Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Terminal 2
Kapangidwe ka Chimango Cholimba cha Portal Yopangidwa ndi mizati ndi matabwa olimba kuti apange chimango chooneka ngati "chipata". Maziko a mizati nthawi zambiri amakhala olumikizidwa, oyenera kunyamula katundu wopepuka. Malo opangira mafakitale okhala ndi chipinda chimodzi, malo osungiramo katundu, malo okonzera zinthu (kutalika: 10-30m). Malo ochitira zinthu pa fakitale yamagalimoto
Kapangidwe ka Chingwe ndi Kakhungu Amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri (monga zingwe zachitsulo zokhuthala) ngati chimango chonyamula katundu, chophimbidwa ndi zinthu zosinthasintha za nembanemba (monga nembanemba ya PTFE), chokhala ndi mphamvu zotumizira kuwala komanso zoyenda nthawi yayitali. Nyumba zokongoletsedwa ndi malo okongola, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi othandizidwa ndi mpweya, ndi madenga a malo oimikapo ndalama. Holo Yosambira ya Shanghai Oriental Sports Center
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Zipangizo Zazikulu

Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito munyumba zachitsuloziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zofunikira pa katundu womangidwa, momwe zimakhazikitsidwira, komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino. Zili m'magulu atatu: mbale, ma profiles, ndi mapaipi. Magulu ndi makhalidwe ake ndi awa:

I. Mbale:
1. Mapepala achitsulo chokhuthala
2. Mapepala achitsulo opyapyala apakatikati
3. Mapepala achitsulo okhala ndi mapatani

II. Mbiri:
(I) Ma profiles ozungulira otentha: Oyenera zigawo zazikulu zonyamula katundu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma
1. Miyendo ya I (kuphatikiza miyendo ya H)
2. Chitsulo cha njira (C-beams)
3. Chitsulo cha ngodya (L-beams)
4. Chitsulo chathyathyathya
(II) Ma profiles opyapyala okhala ndi makoma ozizira: Oyenera zinthu zopepuka komanso zotchingira, zomwe sizimalemera kwambiri
1. Ma C-beams opangidwa ndi ozizira
2. Z-beams zozizira
3. Mapaipi ozungulira ndi amakona anayi opangidwa ndi ozizira

III. Mapaipi:
1. Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika
2. Mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa
3. Mapaipi ozungulira olumikizidwa
4. Mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera

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Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo Ndikopindulitsa

Mphamvu Yaikulu, Kulemera Kopepuka: Mphamvu yokoka ndi kukanikiza kwa chitsulo ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa konkire (pafupifupi nthawi 5-10 kuposa konkire). Popeza zofunikira zomwezo zonyamula katundu, zigawo za kapangidwe ka chitsulo zimatha kukhala zazing'ono m'magawo osiyanasiyana komanso zopepuka (pafupifupi 1/3-1/5 kuposa za kapangidwe ka konkire).

Ntchito Yomanga Mwachangu ndi Kukula Kwambiri kwa Mafakitale: Kapangidwe ka zitsuloZipangizo (monga ma H-beams ndi mizati ya mabokosi) zitha kupangidwa m'mafakitale okhala ndi kulondola kwa millimeter. Zimangofunika bolting kapena welding kuti zigwirizane pamalopo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthawi yowuma ikhale yolimba ngati simenti.

Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri kwa ChivomereziChitsulo chimatha kusinthasintha bwino kwambiri (monga, chimatha kusokonekera kwambiri chikadzazidwa popanda kusweka mwadzidzidzi). Pa nthawi ya zivomerezi, nyumba zachitsulo zimayamwa mphamvu kudzera mu kusintha kwawo, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kugwa kwa nyumba yonse.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Aakulu: Zigawo zazing'ono za zitsulo (monga mizati yachitsulo ndi mipiringidzo ya H-flange yopapatiza) zimachepetsa malo okhala ndi makoma kapena mizati.

Yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso yogwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiriChitsulo chili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso (zoposa 90%). Nyumba zachitsulo zomwe zaphwanyika zimatha kukonzedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa zinyalala zomangira.

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Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-01-2025
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