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Ndi Zida Ziti Zomwe Zimafunika Panyumba Yapamwamba Yazitsulo Zapamwamba?

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Kumanga nyumba zachitsulogwiritsani ntchito zitsulo monga zitsulo zoyambira zonyamula katundu (monga mizati, mizati, ndi trusses), zowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zopanda katundu monga konkire ndi zipangizo zapakhoma. Ubwino waukulu wachitsulo, monga kulimba kwambiri, kupepuka, komanso kubwezeretsedwanso, zapangitsa kuti ikhale ukadaulo wofunikira pamamangidwe amakono, makamaka panyumba zazikulu, zazitali, komanso zamafakitale. Zomangamanga zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo amasewera, mabwalo owonetserako zinthu, ma skyscrapers, mafakitale, milatho, ndi ntchito zina.

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Mawonekedwe Amapangidwe Akuluakulu

Mapangidwe a nyumba yachitsulo ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi ntchito yomanga (monga kutalika, kutalika, ndi katundu). Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:

Mawonekedwe Omanga Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri Zochitika Zoyenera Mlandu Wodziwika
Kapangidwe ka chimango Wopangidwa ndi mizati ndi mizati yolumikizidwa kudzera m'malo olimba kapena opindika kuti apange mafelemu olinganiza, omwe amanyamula katundu woyima ndi katundu wopingasa (mphepo, chivomezi). Nyumba zambiri zamaofesi, mahotela, zipinda (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa ≤ 100m). China World Trade Center Tower 3B (chimango)
Kapangidwe ka Truss Amakhala ndi ziwalo zowongoka (monga chitsulo chozungulira, chitsulo chozungulira) chopangidwa kukhala mayunitsi atatu. Imagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika kwa makona atatu kusamutsa katundu, kuwonetsetsa kugawa kwamphamvu kofanana. Nyumba zazikuluzikulu (kutalika: 20-100m): malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, maholo owonetserako, ma workshop a fakitale. Denga la National Stadium (Mbalame Nest)
Mapangidwe a Space Truss/Lattice Shell Amapangidwa ndi mamembala angapo opangidwa mokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, makona atatu ofanana, mabwalo) kukhala gululi wapapata. Mphamvu zimagawidwa m'malo, ndikupangitsa kuti madera akuluakulu azifikira. Nyumba zazikulu zokulirapo (kutalika: 50-200m): malo okwerera ndege, malo amsonkhano. Denga la Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Terminal 2
Mapangidwe a Portal Rigid Frame Wopangidwa ndi mizati yolimba yamafelemu ndi mizati kuti apange "chipata" -chooneka ngati chimango. Maziko a mizati nthawi zambiri amakhala omangika, oyenera kunyamula katundu wopepuka. Zomera zamafakitale zokhala ndi nyumba imodzi, malo osungiramo zinthu, malo opangira zinthu (kutalika: 10-30m). Msonkhano wopanga fakitale yamagalimoto
Kapangidwe ka Chingwe-Membrane Amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zachitsulo) monga chimango chonyamula katundu, chophimbidwa ndi zida zosinthika (mwachitsanzo, PTFE membrane), zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowunikira komanso zotalikirana. Nyumba zowoneka bwino, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi a membrane othandizidwa ndi mpweya, ma canopies a toll station. Malo Osambira a Shanghai Oriental Sports Center
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Zida Zazikulu

Chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchitozitsulo zomangamanga nyumbaziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zomwe zimafunikira pamapangidwe, mawonekedwe oyika, komanso kutsika mtengo. Amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: mbale, mbiri, ndi mapaipi. Magawo ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

I. Plates:
1. Zitsulo zokhuthala
2. Zitsulo zapakatikati-zoonda
3. Zitsanzo zachitsulo mbale

II. Mbiri:
(I) Mbiri zowotcha: Zoyenera pazigawo zoyambira zonyamula katundu, zopatsa mphamvu komanso kuuma.
1. mizati (kuphatikiza H-mitengo)
2. Chitsulo chachitsulo (C-mitengo)
3. Chitsulo chachitsulo (L-mitengo)
4. Chitsulo chathyathyathya
(II) Zozizira zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala: Zoyenera pazigawo zopepuka komanso zotsekera, zopatsa mphamvu zochepa
1. Mitanda ya C yozizira
2. Z-matabwa zozizira
3. Mapaipi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozizirira komanso amakona anayi

III. Mipope:
1. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko
2. Welded zitsulo mapaipi
3. Mipope yowotcherera yozungulira
4. Mipope yachitsulo yooneka ngati yapadera

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Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo Zopindulitsa

Kulimba Kwambiri, Kulemera Kwambiri: Mphamvu zachitsulo ndi zopondereza ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa konkire (pafupifupi 5-10 nthawi ya konkire). Potengera zofunikira zonyamula katundu, zida zamapangidwe azitsulo zimatha kukhala zocheperako komanso zopepuka kulemera (pafupifupi 1/3-1/5 ya zomanga za konkriti).

Kumanga Mwachangu ndi Kutukuka Kwambiri Kwamafakitale: Chitsulo structuralzigawo (monga mizati ya H ndi mizati ya bokosi) zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi kupangidwa m'mafakitale ndi kulondola kwa millimeter. Amangofunika kuwotcherera kapena kuwotcherera pamalo osonkhana, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa nthawi yochiritsa ngati konkire.

Kuchita Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Seismic: Chitsulo chikuwonetsa ductility kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, chimatha kupunduka kwambiri pansi pa katundu popanda kusweka mwadzidzidzi). Panthawi ya zivomezi, zida zachitsulo zimatenga mphamvu kudzera mukusintha kwawo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kugwa kwa nyumba yonse.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Apamwamba: Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tazitsulo zamapangidwe azitsulo (monga zitsulo zazitsulo za tubular ndi zopapatiza-flange H-matabwa) zimachepetsa malo okhala ndi makoma kapena mizati.

Zosamalidwa ndi zachilengedwe komanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri: Chitsulo chili ndi imodzi mwamitengo yobwezeretsanso kwambiri pakati pa zida zomangira (zopitilira 90%). Zitsulo zowonongeka zimatha kukonzedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kuchepetsa zinyalala zomanga.

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