Chigawo cha China chimapereka mphotho yamtengo wapatali ya zikwangwani zam'madzi
Kukula kwaGB Med Rail BrityItha kubwereranso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Asanagwiritse ntchito chitsulo, ma railways adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njanji zachitsulo. Komabe, njanjizo zinali zowoneka kuti zikuwonongeka ndi kuphwanya pansi pa katundu wolemera, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha njanji.
Njira Zopangira Zogulitsa
Kusintha kuchokera ku chitsulo kupitaSukulu ya sitimazinachitika pang'onopang'ono kwazaka zingapo. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, mainjiniya adayamba kuyesa njanji yachilala yachiwichi, yomwe inali yolimba komanso yopanda sitima kwambiri kuposa njanji zachitsulo. Komabe, zitsulo zinakali ndi malire ake pankhani ya nyonga ndi kulimba.
Mu 1860s, njira yogwirizira kubereka idapangidwa, yomwe idaloledwa kupanga zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri. Njirayi ikuphatikizidwa ndi mpweya kudzera mu chitsulo chosungunula kuti muchotse zodetsa ndikupanga zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njanji zachitsulo kusinthira njanji. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tinkatha kupirira katundu wolemera komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zochulukazo zizigwira bwino ntchito ndi kangapo. Ndi kukhazikika kwa njanji zachitsulo, zowononga zokonza ndi nthawi yopuma zidachepetsedwa kwambiri, kulola kuti zikhale zodalirika komanso zolimbikira.
Popeza kukhazikitsa sitima kwachitsulo, kwapitiriza kupitiriza njira zingapo zopangira ndi kapangidwe kake. Zitsulo zimawongolera zomwe zili ndi katundu wapadera, monga kuvala kwakukulu kukana ndi kukana kutukuka, adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofuna za mayendedwe amakono.
Masiku ano, ma sitima achitsulo akupitilizabe kukhala chisankho choyambirira cha ntchito yomanga njanji chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kukhazikika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo. Akusintha mosalekeza kuti akwaniritse zofuna za mafakitale.
Kukula kwa Zogulitsa
| Dzina lazogulitsa: | GB Med Rail Brity | |||
| Mtundu: | NKHANI YABWINO, NKHANI YA Crane, Shirker Wounikira | |||
| Zinthu / Chizindikiro: | ||||
| Njanji yowala: | Model / Zakuthupi: | Q235,55Q; | Kulingana: | 30kg / m, 24kg / m, 5kg / m, 18kg / m, 15kg / m, m, 12 kg / m, 8 kg / m. |
| Njanji yayikulu: | Model / Zakuthupi: | 45Mn, 71Mym; | Kulingana: | 50kg / m, 43kg / m, 38kg / m, 33kg / m. |
| Bakuman: | Model / Zakuthupi: | A U7m; | Kulingana: | Qu70 kg / m, qu80 kg / m, qu100kg / m, qu120 kg / m. |
GB Med Rail Horse::
Specifications: GB6kg, 8kg, GB9kg, GB12, GB15kg, 18kg, GB22kg, 24kg, GB30, P38kg, P43kg, P50kg, P60kg, QU70, QU80, QU100, QU120
Muyezo: GB11264-89 GB25852-2007 YB / T50-93-93
Zinthu: U71m / 50mn
Kutalika: 6m-12m 12.5m-25m
| Katundu | Giledi | Kukula kwa gawo (mm) | ||||
| Kutalika kwa njanji | M'lifupi | Mutu Wamadzulo | Kukula | Kulemera (makilogalamu) | ||
| Njanji yowala | 8kg / m | 65.00 | 54.00 | 25.00 | 7.00 | 8.42 |
| 12kg / m | 69.85 | 69.85 | 38.10 | 7.54 | 12. | |
| 15kg / m | 79.37 | 79.37 | 42.86 | 8.33 | 15.2 | |
| 18kg / m | 90.00 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 10.00 | 18.06 | |
| 22kg / m | 93.66 | 93.66 | 50.80 | 10.72 | 22.3 | |
| 24kg / m | 107.95 | 92.00 | 51.00 | 10.90 | 24.46 | |
| 30kg / m | 107.95 | 107.95 | 60.33 | 12.30 | 30.10 | |
| NKHANI YABWINO | 38kg / m | 134.00 | 114.00 | 68.00 | 13.00 | 38.733 |
| 43kg / m | 140.00 | 114.00 | 70.00 | 14.50 | 44.65 | |
| 50kg / m | 152.00 | 132.00 | 70.00 | 1550 | 51.514 | |
| 60kg / m | 176.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20,00 | 74.64 | |
| 75kg / m | 192.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20,00 | 74.64 | |
| UIC54 | 159.00 | 140.00 | 70.00 | 16.00 | 54.43 | |
| UIC60 | 172.00 | 150.00 | 74.30 | 160.50 | 60.21 | |
| Kukweza njanji | Qu70 | 120.00 | 120.00 | 70.00 | 28.00 | 52.80 |
| Y80 | 130.00 | 130.00 | 80.00 | 32.00 | 63.69 | |
| Qu100 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 100.00 | 38.00 | 88.96 | |
| Qu120 | 170.00 | 170.00 | 120.00 | 44.00 | 118.1 | |
Mwai
Mtundu ndi mphamvu yanjanji ya njanjiamafotokozedwa ndi misa yofananira (kilogalamu) pa mita kutalika. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya njanji yapano ku China ndi 43kg / m, mita / 60kg / 65kg / etc.5kg / m, m, m, 25m; Kutalika kwa njanji pamwamba pa 50kg / m ndi 25m, 50m, ndi 100m. Pitani ku fakito loyitamatu kuti muwolowerekere mu njanji yayitali ya 500m, kenako ndikupititsirani kumalo omangawo ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito kutalika kofunikira.
Zolemba za njanji za njanji zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kutengera zofunikira zina za njanji ndi dziko. Komabe, malamulo ena wamba ndi monga:
Kulemera kwa sitima Kulemera kwa njanji kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi kukhazikika kwa njanji.
Gawo la njanji: mbiri ya njanji, omwe amadziwikanso kuti gawo la njanji, limatha kusintha. Zigawo zina zapamawende zapamatu zimaphatikizapo gawo la I-gawo (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti "I-Beam"), Gawo la UIC60, ndi Asces 136.
Kutalika: kutalika kwa njanji kumasiyana malinga ndi njanji kwinakwake, koma kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 20-30 metres.
Muyezo: Zigawo kapena mayiko osiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi miyezo yapadera ya njanji za njanji. Mwachitsanzo, ku North America, kuyanjana kwa njanji waku America (AAR) kumakhazikitsa mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito njanji.
Kalasi yachitsulo: kalasi yapadera ya zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njanji za njanji zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Ma grade ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo (monga A36 kapena A709), A70 kapena A70), ndi a Astm A320), monga Astme A759).
Kuthana ndi kukana: Ngale ndi njanji zopingasa zimasokonezedwa kuvala kosalekeza kwa magudumu. Chifukwa chake, kukana kuvala ndi lingaliro lofunikira kwa njanji. Zovala zosiyanasiyana kapena chithandizo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njanji kuti zithetse kufooka.
Kudya: Zolumikizana za njanji nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuwonjezereka kuphatikiza zigawo za njanji. Chifukwa chake, zolemba za njanji zomwe zingaphatikizeponso njira yopepuka kuti iwonetsetse zowoneka bwino komanso kulimba.
Chidziwitso: Ndikofunikira kutanthauza mfundo zina za njanji zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera lanu kapena dziko lanu kuti mufotokozere mwatsatanetsatane.
Nchito
Kampani yathu'mChizindikiro chachitsuloMatani a Nkhondo 13,800 zotumizidwa ku United States adatumizidwa ku TIAJIn DOD nthawi imodzi. Pulojekiti yomanga idamalizidwa ndi njanji yomaliza yomwe idagona pamzere wa njanji. Ma sitimayi onsewa ndi ochokera ku mzere wopangidwa ndi njanji ya njanji komanso fake lofatsa, kugwiritsa ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi zopangidwa ndi maukadaulo apamwamba kwambiri komanso okhwima kwambiri.
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Mbiri ya China China, China shiel sitima, gb muyezo wachitsulo
Karata yanchito
KuyatsaNjanji yoyendera njanjiimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ikhale mizere yoyendera yoyendera ma drines and mizere yopumira m'malo okhala m'nkhalango, migodi, mafakitale ndi malo omanga. Zinthu: 55Q / Q235B, Exptive Standard: GB11264-89.
1. Munda wamagalimoto
Njanji ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira pantchito yomanga njanji. M'malo oyendetsa sitima, njanji zachitsulo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizire komanso kunyamula zolemera zonse za sitimayo, ndipo machitidwe awo ndi magwiridwe awo amakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa sitimayo. Chifukwa chake, njanji ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino komanso zamankhwala monga mphamvu zazikulu, kuvalira kukana, ndi kukana kuvunda. Pakadali pano, njanji zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mizere yambiri ya njanji ndi GB / T 699-1999 "kabobor unyinji".
2. Munda wamalo omanga
Kuphatikiza pa njanji ya njanji, njanji zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pantchito zomanga, monga ntchito zomangamanga, nsanja, milatho ndi magwiridwe apansi panthaka. Mu ntchito izi, njanji zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phazi ndi zokutira kuti zithandizire komanso kunyamula kulemera. Khalidwe lawo komanso kukhazikika kumakhudza chitetezo cha chitetezo komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito yonse yomanga.
3. Gawo lolemera
Pamunda wa kupanga makina olemera, njanji ndi gawo limodzi lofala, makamaka lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito panjira zopangidwa ndi njanji. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungiramo zinthu zoweta pazitsulo, zopangira mafakitale agalimoto, etc. Onse amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangidwa ndi njanji zachitsulo kuti zithandizire ndikunyamula makina olemera kapena zambiri.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito njanji zachitsulo pamayendedwe, ntchito zomangamanga, makina olemera ndi minda ina yapereka zopereka zofunikira pakukula ndi kupita kwa mafakitale. Masiku ano, ndikukula kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, maulendo amasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti azolowere kusinthasintha ndikutsata magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wina.
Kutumiza ndi kutumiza
Kupititsa patsogolo GB muyezo wa mutu wa Stie Stript ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe mungayendetse kuuma ndi kuvala kukana.
Mu njanji ya njanji ya njanji yoyambirira, malo opondaponda ndi odekha, ndipo ma arcs omwe ali ndi radius yaying'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri. Mpaka 1950s ndi 1960s, idapezeka kuti mosasamala kanthu za mutu wa njanji, atavala mawilo apamtunda, mawonekedwe ake pamwamba pa njanji anali pafupifupi kuzungulira, ndi radius wa Arc mbali zonse ziwiri zinali zazikulu. Kuyeserera koyesako kunapeza kuti kusefukira kwa mutuwo kumakhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa mawilo ophatikizika pa filimu yamkati ya mutu wa njanji. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa njanji, mayiko onse asintha kapangidwe ka arc kanjira kuti muchepetse kufooka kwa pulasitiki.
Choyamba, mayiko atsatira mfundo zonga za GB muyeso wa GB wamba. monga ma 59.9kg / m njanji ku United States, mutu wa njanji umatengera R254 - R31.75-R9.52; The 65kg / m njanji za Soviet Union wakale, mutu wa njanji amatenga R300-R80-R15; UIC 60kg / m njanji, mutu wa njanji wa arc amatenga R300-R80-R13. Itha kuwoneka kuchokera pamwambapa kuti gawo lalikulu la kapangidwe ka gawo lamakono la mutu wamakono ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma curvession ndi radii atatu. Mbali ya mutu wa njanji, mzere wolunjika ndi pamwamba kwambiri ndipo pansi mpaka pamzere wowongoka nthawi zambiri ndi 1: 20 ~ 20 ~ 1: 40. Mzere wolunjika ndi malo otsetsereka ambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsagwada ya m'munsi ya mutuwo, ndipo malo otsetsereka nthawi zambiri amakhala 1: 3 mpaka 1: 4.
Chachiwiri, mu malo osinthira pakati pa njanji ya GB Standard Studem ndi Chiuno cha njanji, kuti muchepetse ming'alu yoyambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika pakati pa chimphepo champhamvu kwambiri Mutu wa njanji ndi chiuno cha njanji, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka radius kumatengedwa m'chiuno. Mwachitsanzo, 60kg / m njanji imagwiritsa ntchito R7-R35-R120 mu malo osinthira pakati pa mutu wa njanji ndi chiuno. Bried 60kg / m njanji imagwiritsa ntchito R19-R19-R500 mu malo osinthira pakati pa mutu ndi chiuno.
Chachitatu, m'zigawo zosinthira pakati pa chiuno cha njanji komanso pansi pa njanji, kuti zitheke kusinthasintha kwa gawo la gawo, kusunthika kovuta kumachitikanso, ndipo kusintha pang'onopang'ono kumalumikizidwa bwino ndi malo otsetsereka am'mbuyo. Monga UIC60KG / m njanji, ndikugwiritsa ntchito R120-R35-R7. 601kg / m njanji imagwiritsa ntchito R500-R19. Njanji 60kg / m njanji imagwiritsa ntchito R400-R20.
Chachinayi, pansi pa njanji pansi ili pathyathyathya, kuti gawo likhale labwino. Nkhope zotsirizira njanji zili kumanja kumanja, kenako ndikuzungulira ndi radius yaying'ono, nthawi zambiri r4 ~ r2. Mbali yamkati ya njanji imapangidwa ndi mizere iwiri ya mizere yopingasa, ndipo zina mwazomwe zimasungidwa kawiri, ndipo zina zimatengera malo otsetsereka. Mwachitsanzo, UIC60KG / m njanji zimatengera 1: 275 + 1: 14 otsetsereka. 60s 60kg / m njanji zakhazikitsidwa 1: 4 pang'ono. 60kg / m njanji zakhazikitsidwa 1: 3 + 1: 9 Malo otsetsereka.
Ntchito Zomangamanga
Wopangidwa ku China, ntchito yoyambirira ya kalasi, yabwino-mphezi, yotchuka padziko lapansi
1. Mphamvu zathu: Kampani yathu ili ndi fakitale yayikulu komanso fakitale yayikulu yachitsulo, yobweretsa ndalama zothandizira pa mayendedwe ndikupeza, ndikukhala kampani yachitsulo yomwe imagwirizanitsa kupanga ndi ntchito
2. Zosiyanasiyana Zogulitsa: Zosiyanasiyana Zosiyanasiyana, Zitsulo zilizonse zomwe mukufuna kugulidwa kuchokera kwa ife, makamaka zitsulo zachitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisankhe mosavuta mtundu womwe mukufuna kuti ukwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
3. Kukhazikika kokhazikika: Kukhala ndi mzere wokhazikika wopangidwa ndi utoto woperekera kumatha kupereka zodalirika kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogula omwe amafuna chitsulo chochuluka.
4. Mphamvu ya Brand: Khalani ndi mtundu wambiri ndi msika waukulu
5. Ntchito: Kampani yayikulu yachitsulo yomwe imagwirizanitsa kutembenuka, kuyenda ndi kupanga
6. Mtengo Wopikisana: Mtengo Wovomerezeka
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